A standing wave pattern is an interference phenomenon. Wave superposition data module 6 experiment standing waves lab ashley hayes phys 102. Standing wave a standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that remains in a constant position. You will study how standing wave patterns fit on a fixed string and how the tension of the. These transverse standing waves will only appear under certain conditions, which is what you will investigate in this lab. In this experiment you will use a vibrator of constant frequency to vibrate the. Frequencies producing standing waves are resonant frequencies. When the nodes of the string are interrupted by the increasing hang mass, frequency can be adjusted to maintain the foursegment pattern for certain mass. When a speaker produces a sound wave, it generates a pressure difference in air and this pressure variation propagates through air with a specific speed c. The standing wave comes about when the tuning forks wave overlaps the reflected wave from the opposite end of the tube.
Fall 2007 phy126 experiment 6 standing waves in this experiment, standing waves will be observed in a vibrating string. A standing wave pattern is a vibrational pattern created within a medium when the vibrational frequency of the source causes reflected waves from one end of the medium to interfere with incident waves from the source. A standing wave pattern is formed in a medium when two. Therefore, this focus of this experiment is on sinusoidal waves. Standing waves on a string pennsylvania state university. The phenomenon is the result of interferencethat is, when waves are superimposed, their energies are either added together or cancelled out. From these measurements and the frequency of the wave, the mass per unit length of the string will be determined. A string attached to a turning fork is set vibrating at the same frequency as the tuning fork. As an example of the second type, a standing wave in a transmission line is a wave in which the distribution of current, voltage, or field strength is formed by the superposition of two waves of the same frequency propagating in opposite directions.
A simple experiment demonstrating the excitation of a standing wave in a metal string is presented here. Experiment 1 driven harmonic oscillator up experiment 3 electrostatics. To make the third possible standing wave, divide the length into thirds by adding another node. Standing waves on a string city university of new york. Standing waves lab report phys 215 physics laboratory i. When a string is vibrating at its fundamental frequency, the wave pattern. In the experiment with standing waves on a string, the oscillation was perpendicular to the direction in which the wave traveled. Theory the purposes of this experiment are to produce standing waves on a vibrating string, study the relation between string tension and wavelength of such waves and calculate indirectly the frequency of vibration of the string.
A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that remains in a constant position. At certain column lengths, the reflected wave is in phase with the wave leaving. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Experiment 10 phys2212k georgia state university 6 part 4. In this experiment, you will study standing waves on a string and discover how di erent modes of vibration depend on the frequency, as well as how the wave speed depends on the tension in the string. The experiment had two investigations and the main goals of the experiment were to study standing waves of a string, to examine the relationship between string tension and wave velocity, to study standing waves in an air column and to measure the sound velocity. Waves on a string introduction a standing wave bridges the gap between our concepts of simple harmonic motion and waves. Standing wave, also called stationary wave, combination of two waves moving in opposite directions, each having the same amplitude and frequency. The wavelengths of the waves and the tension in the string will be measured. Standing waves physics grade 12, bilingual syllabus, 2nd. Theory in any wave motion, wavelength and frequency f of the wave is related by f v 1 where v is the. Sources of error in standing waves lab physics forums. Same standing wave pattern with different tension 17.
To investigate resonance conditions for a vibrating string. This phenomenon can occur because the medium is moving in the opposite direction to the wave, or it can arise in a stationary medium as a result of. This phenomenon can occur because the medium is moving in the opposite. The speed v of waves on a stretched string will be determined using the basic wave. This experiment is designed to investigate the properties of standing waves on a string.
For waves on a string the velocity of the waves is given by the following equation. The standing wave apparatus consists of a string with one end attached to a rod or ring stand. Apr 10, 2017 standing waves physics grade 12, bilingual syllabus, 2nd. The simplest standing wave that can form under these circumstances has one antinode in the middle. For waves on a string,the wave velocity is also given by,where. Standing wave superposition with reflected wave part ii. An experiment in exploring the theoretical and applied physical properties of standing waves. Physics 126 laboratory manual 6 where l is the length of string between the supports and n is a positive integer.
Examine how string mass, tension, and length affect the resonant frequency. The phenomena of standing waves and resonance has been studied since at least the time of pythagoras. When the sound wave from a tuning fork is sent into a closed tube, a standing wave is created. In this lab you will produce standing waves on a string using a mechanical wave generator. Module 6 experiment standing waves 6318, 458 pm ashley hayes phys 102 apr. For standing wave to form on a string, the basic condition that must be met is that both ends of the string must be fixed in place, never moving themselves. It is possible to obtain many discrete vibrational modes in a stretched string. An analysis of the interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions shows that the distance between a node and an adjacent antinode is 14 of a wavelength. In this experiment, we tried to find the linear density of the string by using a sine wave generator to drive a string vibrator to cause a stretched string to form standing wave pattern. Transfer your data for standing wave with 3 antinodes using 150 g hanging mass to the table below. A standing wave is set up on the string as a result of the interference of the incident wave generated by the oscillator and the wave re. Standing waves can be mechanically induced into a solid medium using resonance. The length and tension in the string are adjusted until standing waves. Pdf a simple experiment demonstrating the excitement of a standing wave in a metal string is presented here.
Standing wave, combination of two waves moving in opposite directions, each having the same amplitude and frequency. For figure 1b, the value of n is 3, and the wave pattern is called the third harmonic. It is recommended to keep the frequencies used below 100hz. To show that standing waves can be set up on a string. Phet sims are based on extensive education research and engage students through an intuitive, gamelike environment where students learn through exploration and discovery. A standing wave is created when an incident and reflected wave have identical amplitudes, wavelengths and velocities. If the incident wave is moving in the positive xdirection, its wave function can be written as y inc acoskx. When a string is vibrating at its fundamental frequency, the wave pattern looks like the top image in figure 2. It is formed as the result of the perfectly timed interference of two waves passing through the same medium. To verify the relationship among wave velocity, wavelength, and frequency of a transverse wave.
If they shake in sync, the rope will form a regular pattern with nodes and antinodes and appear to be stationary, hence the name standing wave. Summary of the introduction to the standing waves and. In this lab you will produce standing waves in a string and also standing waves in air. As this happens, the string displacement is sent from one end of the string to the other. Standing waves 3 in this equation, v is the phase velocity of the waves on the string, is the wavelength of the standing wave, and f is the resonant frequency for the standing wave.
In this lab, a standing wave pattern is produced by an electric motor that vibrates one end of the string up and down. Measure the frequency, wavelength, and speed of standing waves on a string. In this document we introduce the standing waves and acoustic resonance experiment from the physics laboratory at the university of toronto. One easy to understand example is two people shaking either end of a jump rope. To derive this relationship, the velocity of the wave is expressed in two ways. Transfer your data for standing wave with 3 antinodes using 150. To study dependence of wavelength on the tension and linear mass density of the string. Founded in 2002 by nobel laureate carl wieman, the phet interactive simulations project at the university of colorado boulder creates free interactive math and science simulations.
Lab 2 this is a lab report for a physics experiment on. By exploring several basic properties of standing waves, you will be able to answer some of these questions. That is, for a string to vibrate with a specific wavelength, the tension applied to the string must have a certain value. Theory a standing wave is a wave where the overall pattern does not appear to move. Equipment in this experiment we will produce standing waves on a string clamped at one end and. Any thoughts would be very helpful from experienced members. Because the observed wave pattern is characterized by points that.
From these measurements and the frequency of the wave, the. Lab report for experiment 14 standing waves shivam agarwal lab partner. For one of your experiments, you will vary the frequency. For a string that is fixed on both ends, a standing wave can develop if an integer number of half wavelengths fit into the length, l, of the string.
The equation for propagation velocityfrequency was verified, and the relationship between vibration modes was confirmed. It is intended to be used before you begin the experiment. All standing waves are characterized by positions along the medium which are standing still. Standing wave patterns are always characterized by an alternating pattern of nodes and antinodes, with the number of nodes always being one more than the number of antinodes. A standing wave is a wave where the overall pattern does not appear to move. Experiment standing wave free download as powerpoint presentation. In this experiment, well look at a standing wave resonance on a string and study some of its properties. Phy 157 standing waves on a string experiment 5 name.
A standing wave is a pattern which results from the interference of two or more waves traveling in the same medium. View lab report module 6 experiment standing waves. Waves traveling through solid objects, such as a string, the ground, or air, will do so with a wavelength, velocity, and frequency that are determined by the medium in which they are traveling and the. To make the next possible standing wave, place a node in the center. The effect is a series of nodes zero displacement and antinodes maximum displacement at fixed points along the transmission line. Several tasks using the setup are considered, which. Several tasks using the setup are considered, which help the students to better understand the standing waves, the interaction between electric current and magnetic field and the resonance phenomena. A wave in a string can be characterized by its wavelength. Standing waves on a string as shown on figure 1, the stationary string positions in the standing wave pattern.
Use two patch cords to connect output source ch 1 to the string vibrator. You will also investigate the relationship between wave speed and tension in the string and verify the theoretical formula for wave speed. Lab 16 standing waves on a string college of san mateo. The purposes of this experiment are to produce standing waves on a vibrating string, study the relation between string tension and wavelength of such waves.
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